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技术资料 > PHP技术 > 经典文章 : Linux简明系统维护手册(三) |
Linux简明系统维护手册(三) March 23,2004 |
(3)安装DHCP服务器
1、源程序下载地址是:ftp://ftp.isc.org/isc/dhcp/dhcp-3.0.tar.gz ,我们的版本是:dhcpd-3.0
2、复制到:/usr/local/scr后解压:tar zxvf dhcp-3.0.tar.gz
3、cd /usr/local/src/dhcp-3.0.tar.gz
4、./configure
5、make(如果不是第一次编译,先make clean)
6、make install
7、cp ./server/dhcpd.conf /etc
8、编辑这个文件,看起来类似下面这样:(要更改的地方用粗体标出)
# dhcpd.conf
#
# Sample configuration file for ISC dhcpd
#
# option definitions common to all supported networks...
option domain-name "rd.xxx.com";
option domain-name-servers compaq.rd.xxx.com;
default-lease-time 86400;
max-lease-time 172800;
ddns-update-style ad-hoc;
# If this DHCP server is the official DHCP server for the local
# network, the authoritative directive should be uncommented.
#authoritative;
# Use this to send dhcp log messages to a different log file (you also
# have to hack syslog.conf to complete the redirection).
log-facility local7;
# No service will be given on this subnet, but declaring it helps the
# DHCP server to understand the network topology.
# This is a very basic subnet declaration.
subnet 21.9.22.0 netmask 255.255.255.224 {
range 21.9.22.2 21.9.22.6;
option routers 21.9.22.1;
}
# This declaration allows BOOTP clients to get dynamic addresses,
# which we don't really recommend.
#subnet 10.254.239.32 netmask 255.255.255.224 {
# range dynamic-bootp 10.254.239.40 10.254.239.60;
# option broadcast-address 10.254.239.31;
# option routers rtr-239-32-1.example.org;
#}
# A slightly different configuration for an internal subnet.
#subnet 10.5.5.0 netmask 255.255.255.224 {
# range 10.5.5.26 10.5.5.30;
# option domain-name-servers ns1.internal.example.org;
# option domain-name "internal.example.org";
# option routers 10.5.5.1;
# option broadcast-address 10.5.5.31;
# default-lease-time 600;
# max-lease-time 7200;
#}
# Hosts which require special configuration options can be listed in
# host statements. If no address is specified, the address will be
# allocated dynamically (if possible), but the host-specific information
# will still come from the host declaration.
#host passacaglia {
# hardware ethernet 0:0:c0:5d:bd:95;
# filename "vmunix.passacaglia";
# server-name "toccata.fugue.com";
#}
# Fixed IP addresses can also be specified for hosts. These addresses
# should not also be listed as being available for dynamic assignment.
# Hosts for which fixed IP addresses have been specified can boot using
# BOOTP or DHCP. Hosts for which no fixed address is specified can only
# be booted with DHCP, unless there is an address range on the subnet
# to which a BOOTP client is connected which has the dynamic-bootp flag
# set.
#host fantasia {
# hardware ethernet 08:00:07:26:c0:a5;
# fixed-address fantasia.fugue.com;
#}
# You can declare a class of clients and then do address allocation
# based on that. The example below shows a case where all clients
# in a certain class get addresses on the 10.17.224/24 subnet, and all
# other clients get addresses on the 10.0.29/24 subnet.
#class "foo" {
# match if substring (option vendor-class-identifier, 0, 4) = "SUNW";
#}
#shared-network 224-29 {
# subnet 10.17.224.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
# option routers rtr-224.example.org;
# }
# subnet 10.0.29.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
# option routers rtr-29.example.org;
# }
# pool {
# allow members of "foo";
# range 10.17.224.10 10.17.224.250;
# }
# pool {
# deny members of "foo";
# range 10.0.29.10 10.0.29.230;
# }
上面这个文件中后面都是注释,是原来系统给你的配置做的例子,可以不要。当然除非你用到它们,并且清楚它们的含义。
9、建立空文件:touch /var/state/dhcp/dhcpd.leases空文件
10、检查内核编译选项:Networking options-----Packet socket: mmapped IO和Socket Filtering选项是否被选中(不知道怎么看?看看前面的文章,用make menuconfig呀),如果没有就需要重新编译内核了。
11、route add -host 255.255.255.255 dev eth0
12、roote add -host localhost dev eth0
13、在/etc/rc.d/rc.local最后增加一行route add -host 255.255.255.255 dev eth0
14、reboot系统
15、用dhcpd命令启动DHCP,用其他的机器试试看能不能自动配置网络了。
(4) 安装apache+mysql+php+gd+png+zlib+jpeg+freetype+sslmod
这么一大堆东西为什么要一块说呢?因为他们中间是有紧密联系的,尤其是那个PHP,用到其他所有的模块。要想PHP功能全,只能一步步来了。
1、首先安装MYSQL:从http://www.mysql.com/downloads/index.html下载自己觉得合适的版本。这里用3.23.42版本。
2、进入目录/usr/local/src(这个以后就不用说了吧?)解压缩:tar zxvf mysql-3.23.42.tar.gz
3、cd mysql-3.23.42/
4、configure --prefix=/usr/local/mysql
5、make
6、make install
7、useradd mysql ; groupadd mysql ; su mysql ;(建立命名为mysql的用户和组,并切换为mysql身份)
8、scripts/mysql_install_db (建立数据库结构)
9、cd /usr/local/mysql/bin
10、./safe_mysqld & (启动了)
11、./mysqladmin -u root password "new-password"(你的新密码,记住MYSQL的密码核系统密码是独立的,缺省是没有密码)
12、用mysql程序试试看。
下面的步骤都很程式化,我尽量简洁地写出。
13、下载相关的软件包:地址表格如下
软件 版本 地址
jpegsrc.v6b.tar.gz 6b ftp://ftp.uu.net/graphics/jpeg
zlib.tar.gz 1.1.3 ftp://ftp.uu.net/graphics/png/src
freetype-2.0.8.tar.gz 2.0.8 http://www.freetype.org
libpng-1.0.10.tar.gz 1.0.10 ftp://ftp.uu.net/graphics/png/src
gd-1.8.4.tar.gz 1.8.4 http://www.boutell.com/gd
apache_1.3.23.tar.gz 1.3.23 http://www.apache.org
php-4.1.1.tar.gz 4.1.1 http://www.php.net
number4.tar.gz 4 http://www.php.net/extra
rsaref20.tar.Z 2.0 ftp://ftp.ai.mit.edu/pub/deberg
openssl-engine-0.9.6c.tar.gz 0.9.6c http://www.openssl.org/source
mod_ssl-2.8.6-1.3.23.tar.gz 2.8.6 http://www.modssl.org
下齐了就放在/usr/local/src目录下,除了number4.tar.gz和rsaref20.tar.Z以外,其他一律用tar zxvf XXXX.tar.gz解压缩。(过瘾吧?)
特殊的,rsaref20.tar.Z 需要先建立一个rsaref-2.0目录,然后把rsaref20.tar.Z复制到改目录下用tar zxvf rsaref30.tar.Z释放压缩。Number4.tar.gz需要复制到php-4.1.1目录内,然后用tar zxvf number4.tar.gz解压缩。
下面的描述我想简单一点,只写出进入目录后执行的命令。那些目录都是释放的时候自己建立的,如果你这些操作都在/usr/local/src下面执行,所有的目录就都在这里面。最好按照顺序执行。再罗嗦一句:如果不是第一次编译,一般情况请执行一次make clean后再编译。
14、[jpeg-6b]:生成JPEG图像的函数库。
./configure
make
make test
make install
15、[zlib-1.1.3]:压缩算法库,是PNG和JPEG需要的
make test
make install
16、[freetype-2.0.8]:字体库,在图像上使用字体的时候需要用到,
./configure --prefix=/usr/local
make
make install
17、[libpng-1.0.10]:生成PNG图像的函数库
cp scripts/makefile.linux makefile
make test
pngtest pngnow.png
(如果都通过测试了,请继续。否则,看看错误提示,改正错误)
make install
18、[gd-1.8.4]:GD库,用来动态生成图像用,这里主要是配合PHP生成图像。
编辑Makefile 文件:
把下列行取消注释符号(#):
CFLAGS=-O -DHAVE_LIBXPM -DHAVE_LIBPNG -DHAVE_LIBJPEG
-DHAVE_LIBFREETYPE -DHAVE_LIBTTF
LIBS=-lgd -lpng -lz -ljpeg -lfreetype -lm -lttf
注释下列行(增加#):
CFLAGS=-O -DHAVE_LIBPNG -DHAVE_LIBJPEG
LIBS=-lgd -lpng -lz -lm
修改下列行:
INCLUDEDIRS=-I. -I/usr/local/include/freetype2 -I/usr/include/X11
-I/usr/X11R6/include/X11 -I/usr/local/include
-I/usr/include/freetype
保存后执行:
make
make install
19、[apache_1.3.23]:步骤一 ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache
20、[php-4.1.1]:
如果不是第一次安装,请删除:config.cache文件,然后执行先执行make clean
接下来配置环境,输入一个比较长的命令:
./configure
--with-apache=/usr/local/src/apache_1.3.23
--with-config-file-path=/local/apache/conf
--with-enable-versioning
--with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql
--with-ftp
--with-gd=/usr/local/src/gd-1.8.4
--with-enabled-bcmath=yes
--with-disable-debug
--enable-memory-limit=yes
--enable-track-vars
--with-zlib
--with-jpeg-dir=/usr/local/src/jpeg-6b
--with-png-dir=/usr/local/src/libpng-1.0.10
--with-freetype-dir=/usr//local/src/freetype-2.0.8
当然你也可以实现准备一个含有上述命令的sh文件,这样改起来方便些。我就是这样做的。
make
make install
21、[rsaref-2.0]:RSA加密模块
前面说过,这个目录的释放是特殊的,先见目录后释放,希望你是这样做的。
cp -rp install/unix local
cd local
make
mv rsaref.a librsaref.a
22、[openssl-engine-0.9.6c]:openssl引擎
./config -prefix=/usr/local/ssl -L`pwd`/../rsaref-2.0/local/ rsaref –fPIC
make
make test
make install
23、[mod_ssl-2.8.6-1.3.23]
./configure --with-apache=../apache_1.3.23
24、[apache_1.3.23]步骤二
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache --enable-shared=ssl
--enable-module=ssl --activate-module=src/modules/php4/libphp4.a
make
make certificate TYPE=custom(回答一些问题)
make install
25、收尾工作:
编辑/usr/local/apache/conf/httpd.conf文件,增加一行:
AddType application/x-httpd-php .php
26、用命令/usr/local/apache/bin/apachectl configtest检查一下配置文件的正确性。
27、用/usr/lcoal/apache/bin/apachectl start启动apache服务器
28、在/usr/local/apache/htdocs建立一个test.php文件包含下列内容:
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