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| 技术资料  > PHP技术 > 入门教程 : PHP新手上路(十一) |  
PHP新手上路(十一) March 25,2004 |  
数据库链接  
 
10. PHP最大的特色就是操作数据库的能力特别的强大,PHP提供对多种数据库的支持。  
 
  通过PHP你可以轻松的连接到数据库,请求数据并将其显示在你的web站点中,甚至修改数据库中的数据。在这一节里我们主要以在互联网上跟PHP一起使用得最多的MySQL数据库为例,介绍一下相关的MySQL数据库的操作函数以及数据库的基本操作等方面的知识。  
 
在MySQL数据库中,我们用来连接数据库的函数有两个,它们分别为:  
integer mysql_connect(string host,string user,string password);  
integer mysql_pconnect(string host,string user,string password);  
mysql_connect函数和mysql_pconnect函数都是对指定主机上MySQL数据库的连接,如果该数据库位于一个不同的端口,则可以在主机名后加上冒号和端口号。函数的参数也可以缺省不填,如果不填参数,默认的主机名是“localhost”,用户名为数据库管理员,默认值为“root”,密码为空。与数据库连接成功之后,这两个函数都可以返回一个连接号,如果连接失败,则返回一个false值。让我们来看看下面几句语句:  
<?  
$db=mysql_connect("localhost","user","password");  
mysql_select_db("mydb",$db);  
?>  
注释:  
$db=mysql_connect("localhost","user","password"); 我们将mysql的链接参数,包括主机名、用户名和密码作为mysql_connect()的参数,同时得到返回值为$db,这样,在下面的语句中,我们就可以将变量$db作为一个连接mysql数据库的连接号来使用。  
mysql_select_db("mydb",$db); 将PHP程序链接到mydb数据库中,这样程序与数据库的链接就完成了。  
 
10.1 一个简易的数据库留言簿  
 
  在完成数据库的链接之后,我们就可以对数据库进行一系列的操作。下面是一个简易的数据库留言簿程序(guestbook.php3):  
 
  我假设你机子上的MySQL数据库以及管理MYSQL数据库的工具 Phpmyadmin_2. 0.5都已经安装完成,并且可以正常工作。  
 
我们要做的第一件事情是创建一个留言数据库,假定名字为: mydb。  
 
1、启动浏览器,打开Phpmyadmin_2. 0.5 的管理WEB界面。  
 
2、在“Create new database”文本框内输入数据库名称mydb,然后按create按键。  
 
  下一步,我们要在该留言数据库下创建一个数据表,假定名字为: guestbook。  
 
创建该数据表的命令如下所示:   
 
CREATE TABLE guestbook (ID INT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, name CHAR(250), email CHAR(250), job CHAR(250), comments BLOB, PRIMARY KEY(ID));   
 
最后,将下面的留言簿程序挎贝到你机子的可写目录下面,并保存成guestbook.php3文件。就这么简单,你已经有了自己的留言簿了。   
 
10.2 留言簿程序(guestbook.php3):  
 
<?php   
/* $host : your MySQL-host, usually 'localhost' */  
/* $user : your MYSQL-username */  
/* $password : your MySQL-password */  
/* $database : your MySQL-database */  
/* $table : your MySQL-table */  
/* $page_title : the title of your guestbook-pages */  
/* $admin_mail : email-address of the administrator to send the new entries to */  
/* $admin_name : the name of the administrator */  
/* $html_mail : say yes if your mail-agent can handle HTML-mail, else say no */  
 
$host = "localhost";  
$user = "";  
$password = "";  
$database = "mydb";  
$table = "guestbook";  
$page_title = "pert guestbook";  
$admin_mail = "[email protected]";  
$admin_name = "Webmaster";  
$html_mail = "no";  
 
?>  
<HTML>  
<HEAD>  
<TITLE><?php echo $page_title; ?></TITLE>  
</HEAD>  
<BODY BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF" LINK="#000000">  
<FONT FACE="Verdana" SIZE="-2">  
<?  
 
/* connect to the database */  
mysql_pconnect("$host","$user","$password") or die("Can't connect to the SQL-server");  
mysql_select_db("$database");  
 
/* action=view : retrieve data from the database and show it to the user */  
if($action == "view") {  
 
/* function for showing the data */  
function search_it($name) {  
 
/* some vars */  
global $offset,$total,$lpp,$dir;  
global $table,$html_mail,$admin_name,$admin_mail;  
 
/* select the data to get out of the database */  
$query = "SELECT name, email, job, comments FROM $table";  
$result = mysql_query($query);  
$total= mysql_numrows($result);  
 
print "<CENTER><FONT FACE="Verdana" SIZE="-2"><A HREF="guestbook.php3?action=add" onMouseOver="window.status='Add your name';return true" onMouseOut="window.status='';return true" TITLE="Add your name">加入留言</A></FONT></CENTER><br><br>";  
 
if ($total== 0) {  
print "<CENTER>此刻没人留言</CENTER><br><br>"; }  
 
elseif ($total> 0) {  
 
/* default */  
$counter=0;  
if ($dir=="") $dir="Next";  
$lpp=5;  
if ($offset==0) $offset=0;  
 
if ($dir=="Next") {  
 
if ($total > $lpp) {  
 
$counter=$offset;  
$offset+=$lpp;  
$num=$offset;  
 
if ($num > $total) {  
$num=$total; } }  
 
else {  
$num=$total; } }  
 
elseif ($dir=="Previous") {  
 
if ($total > $lpp) {  
$offset-=$lpp;  
 
if ($offset < 0) {  
$offset=0; }  
 
$counter=$offset-$lpp;  
 
if ($counter < 0)  
$counter=0;  
$num=$counter+$lpp; }  
 
else {  
$num=$total; } }  
 
while ($counter < $num) {  
$j=0;  
$j=$counter + 1;  
 
/* now really grab the data */  
$i1=mysql_result($result,$counter,"name");  
$i2=mysql_result($result,$counter,"email");  
$i3=mysql_result($result,$counter,"job");  
$i4=mysql_result($result,$counter,"comments");  
 
$i4 = stripslashes ("$i4");  
 
/* print it in a nice layout */  
print "<CENTER>n";  
print "<TABLE WIDTH=400 BORDER=0 ALIGN=CENTER VALIGN=TOP><TR><TD><FONT FACE="Verdana" SIZE="-2">n";  
print "<HR>n";  
print "<BR><B>Name:</B> $i1n";  
print "<BR><B>email:</B><A HREF="mailto:$i2" onMouseOver="window.status='Email $i2';return true" onMouseOut="window.status='';return true" TITLE="Email $i2">$i2</A>n";  
print "<BR><B>Job:</B> $i3n";  
print "<BR><B>Comment:</B>n";  
print "<BR>$i4n";  
print "</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>n";  
print "</CENTER>n";  
$counter++;  
}  
}  
mysql_close();  
}  
 
/* execute the function */  
search_it($name);  
 
/* See if we need to put on the NEXT or PREVIOUS buttons */  
if ($total > $lpp) {  
echo("<form action="$PHP_SCRIPT" method="POST">n");  
 
/* See if we need a PREVIOUS button */  
if ($offset > $lpp) {  
echo("<input type="submit" value="Previous" name=dir>n"); }  
 
/* See if we need a NEXT button */  
if ($offset < $total) {  
echo("<input type="submit" value="Next" name=dir>n"); }  
 
echo("<input type=hidden name="offset" value="$offset">n");  
echo("<input type=hidden name="name" value="$name">n");  
echo("</form>");  
}  
}  
 
/* action=add : show a form where the user can enter data to add to the database */  
elseif($action == "add") { ?>  
 
<TABLE WIDTH="460" ALIGN="CENTER" VALIGN="TOP">  
<TH COLSPAN="2"><P>请您填写留言</TH>  
<FORM NAME="guestbook" ACTION="guestbook.php3?action=send" METHOD="POST">  
<TR>  
<TD ALIGN="RIGHT" VALIGN="TOP">  
您的大名:</TD>  
<TD><INPUT TYPE=text NAME=name></TD>  
</TR>  
<TR>  
<TD ALIGN="RIGHT" VALIGN="TOP">  
您的E-mail:</TD>  
<TD>  
<INPUT TYPE=text NAME=email></TD>  
</TR>  
<TR>  
<TD ALIGN="RIGHT" VALIGN="TOP">  
您的工作:</TD>  
<TD>  
<INPUT TYPE=text NAME=job></TD>  
</TR>  
<TR>  
<TD ALIGN="RIGHT" VALIGN="TOP">  
您的留言:</TD>  
<TD>  
<TEXTAREA NAME=comments COLS=40 ROWS=6></TEXTAREA>  
<P>  
<INPUT TYPE=submit VALUE=Submit> <INPUT TYPE=Reset VALUE=Reset>   
<A ALIGN="RIGHT" HREF="guestbook.php3?action=view" onMouseOver="window.status='Read all comments first';return true" onMouseOut="window.status='';return true" TITLE="Read all comments first"><FONT SIZE="-2">先观看所有的留言</FONT></A>  
</TD>  
</TR>  
</FORM>  
</TABLE>  
</CENTER>  
 
<?  
}  
 
/* action=send : add the data from the user into the database */  
elseif($action == "send") {  
 
/* check if a HTML-mail should be send or a plain/text mail */  
if($html_mail == "yes") {  
mail("$admin_name <$admin_mail>","PHP3 Guestbook Addition","<HTML><BODY><FONT FACE="Century Gothic"><TABLE BORDER="0" WIDTH="100%" CELLSPACING="4"><TR>$name ($email) schreef het volgende bericht in het gastenboek :</TR><TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT"> </TD><TD ALIGN="LEFT" NOWRAP> </TD></TR><TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT">$comments</TD><TD ALIGN="LEFT" NOWRAP> </TD></TR><TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT"> </TD><TD ALIGN="LEFT" NOWRAP> </TD></TR><TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT">您的留言:</TD><TD ALIGN="LEFT" NOWRAP>$name</TD></TR><TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT">您的大名:</TD><TD ALIGN="LEFT" NOWRAP>$email</TD></TR><TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT">您的email:</TD><TD ALIGN="LEFT" NOWRAP>$job</TD></TR><TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT">您的工作:</TD></TR></TABLE></BODY></FONT></HTML>", "From: $name <$email>nReply-To: $name <$email>nContent-type: text/htmlnX-Mailer: PHP/" . phpversion());  
}  
 
 
/* MySQL really hates it when you try to put things with ' or " characters into a database, so strip these...*/  
$comments = addslashes ("$comments");  
$query = "INSERT INTO guestbook VALUES('','$name', '$email', '$job', '$comments')";  
$result = MYSQL_QUERY($query);  
 
?>  
<BR><P ALIGN = CENTER>感谢, <?php echo $name; ?>, 您的留言.  
<BR><P ALIGN = CENTER><A HREF="guestbook.php3?action=view" onMouseOver="window.status='View your comment now';return true" onMouseOut="window.status='';return true" TITLE="View your comment now">观看留言</A><BR><BR>  
<?  
 
}  
 
/* if there's no action given, then we must show the main page */  
else {  
 
/* get the number of entries written into the guestbook*/  
$query = "SELECT name from guestbook";  
$result = MYSQL_QUERY($query);  
$number = MYSQL_NUMROWS($result);  
 
if ($number == "") {  
$entry = "还没有人留过言"; }  
 
elseif ($number == "1") {  
$entry = "目前留言人数1人"; }  
 
else {  
$entry = "目前留言人数 $number 人"; }  
 
echo "<CENTER><BR>";  
echo "<P>$entry<BR>";  
echo "<H4><FONT FACE="Verdana" SIZE="3"><A HREF="guestbook.php3?action=add" onMouseOver="window.status='请您留言';return true" onMouseOut="window.status='';return true" TITLE="Add your name to our guestbook">请您留言</A></FONT></H4>";  
 
if ($number > "") {  
echo "<H4><FONT FACE="Verdana" SIZE="3"><A HREF="guestbook.php3?action=view" onMouseOver="window.status='观看留言';return true" onMouseOut="window.status='';return true" TITLE="View the names in our guestbook">观看留言</A></FONT></H4>"; }  
echo "</P></CENTER>";  
}  
?>  
<BR><SMALL><CENTER>版权所有:<A HREF="http://personal.668.cc/haitang/index.htm" onMouseOver="window.status='pert';return true" onMouseOut="window.status='';return true" TITLE="pert">无边天际</A></CENTER></SMALL>  
</FONT>  
</BODY>  
</HTML>   
 
原作者:Hunte   
来源:PHPUser    
 
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